Theory is a construct that is a general representation of an actual or constructed truth. When the theory represents an actual, usually recurring, truth or reality it becomes a law. If it does not represent a proved reality, it continues to remain a theory. In such cases we may also find competing theories. eg. we can . . . → Read More: The A of Theory
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Culture gives meaning to our actions and ideas. Any action or idea can have meaning only in a particular cultural context. Waving the hand in a particular context may mean greeting, while in another it may mean a warning or threat. This same thing is also mediated by cultural usages and practices. Cultural difference is a . . . → Read More: Cultural Context and Interpretations Mughal rule stabilised during the time of Akbar. By that time, Mughals were no longer the strangers, but they had adopted India as their home. The policy of sulh i kul adopted by Akbar became visible in the art forms patronised by the Mughal emperors. This was visible in paintings, music and architecture. Although, Babur and . . . → Read More: Mughal Period : Art and Architecture Recently we went to Calcutta. Apart from some works of importance, we decided that this time we would see the new face of Kokata. Kolkata, as Calcutta is now known is changing and for the good. It is developing both in terms of infrastructure as well as in terms of many newer things. While it can . . . → Read More: Calcutta and Sourav’s The Mughal emperors were fond of art and culture. They patronised painters, most of whom were Hindus. Due to their patronage, painting under Mughals got a new impetus and also developed into a specialised school of painting with its own distinctiveness. The process started during the time of Akbar but reached greater heights during the time of . . . → Read More: Mughal Painting during Jahangir’s Time Vladimir Lenin (1870 – 1924) © Anup Mukherjee i3pep.org Part 1 Part 2 (This Page) The Petrograd garrison did not wish to be transferred to the war front, and consequently they sided with the Bolsheviks against the provisional government. Thus the Red Guards were able to seize power for the Bolsheviks in a bloodless . . . → Read More: Lenin (2) Vladimir Lenin (1870 – 1924) © Anup Mukherjee i3pep.org Part 1 (This Page) Part 2 [A version of this essay was published in the Encyclopedia of Leadership (Sage, 2004)] Among the world’s great revolutionary leaders, Lenin is recognized for his efforts to put Marxism into actual practice and for creating the Union of Soviet Socialist . . . → Read More: Lenin (1) Sufi movement emerged during the early medieval times in India with the interaction of the Islamic culture with the Hindu culture. There were different trends of the sufi movement – some were religious and social, some were linked to the rulers and more engaged in promotion of Islam. Establishment of Sultanate led to introduction of new . . . → Read More: Sufi Movement Vijayanagar (Vijayanagara) style of architecture came to existence in the 14th century AD and reached its zenith during times of Krishnadeva Raya and Achuta Deva. The architecture reflected the power of their rulers. Under them temples became an elaborate institution containing large number of structures. The architecture can be divided into secular and religious buildings. The secular . . . → Read More: Architecture of Vijayanagar Empire Nation and Nationalism (South Asian Perspective) Part 1 Part 2 (this page) Indian History from sixth century BC (Post Vedic period) to early modern period should be seen as a continuous tussel between the central authority and the local forces. Interestingly, one would find that at local levels, there was generally a remarkable continuity of . . . → Read More: Nation and Nationalism (2) |
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