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Socialism

A version of this essay was published in the Encyclopedia of World Trade published by ME Sharpe Publishers, Armonk, New York.

Socialism © Anup Mukherjee

Socialism does not have a single socio-political philosophy. It has gradually evolved into various different schools and doctrines. These put forth different ideas on how best to reorganise the society and the economy. . . . → Read More: Socialism

Indian Ocean Trade

A version of this essay was published in the Encyclopedia of World Trade published by ME Sharpe Publishers, Armonk, New York.

Indian Ocean Trade © Anup Mukherjee

The Indian Ocean trade network spans from east coast of Africa through Middle East to western and eastern India and then on through Burma to the different islands of Southeast Asian . . . → Read More: Indian Ocean Trade

World History: Youthful Curiosities

Questions I asked a few years back on H-World Forum » »

I would like to ask certain questions to the specialists on this forum. But before that, I would rather give a brief background. I have studied the Medieval Indian history fairly well. And my exposure to the nature of Muslim rule comes from that. Consequently, . . . → Read More: World History: Youthful Curiosities

Indus River

A version of this essay was published in the Encyclopedia of World Trade published by ME Sharpe Publishers, Armonk, New York.

Indus River (Sindhu) © Anup Mukherjee

The Indus River rises in southwestern Tibet, and circling around different mountains, and running a course of 2735 kilometers, finally drains into Arabian Sea near Karachi (Sind, Pakistan). The main course . . . → Read More: Indus River

Approaches to Study of Early Indian History

While studying Indian history, we have to keep in mind various issues relating to the facts that we have. These facts are in form of evidence – however these facts are the raw material. These facts needs to be analysed to extract useful information regarding history from such sources. For example if we have a book . . . → Read More: Approaches to Study of Early Indian History

Sources of Early Indian History

Ancient Indian history sources can be classified into following sources:

1. Literary Sources
    a) Religious themes
    b) Legal Sources
    c) Linguistic and Historical Literary, including Local Chronicles
2. Archeological Sources
3. Inscriptions and Prasastis
4. Numismatics (Coinage)
5. Monuments
6. (Travel & Geographical)Accounts of Foreigners.

1(a).Literary Sources » Religious themes

Most of the ancient books have religious theme. Some of them deal with the time span as . . . → Read More: Sources of Early Indian History

Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire © Anup Mukherjee

Mughal empire is a fascinating period of Indian History. This is because, the mughal history is so recent so as to blend with the issues of the current times. Many of the monuments of Mughal period are still in use, whether it be mosques, mausoleum or forts. This essay is a brief . . . → Read More: Mughal Empire

Indian Society and Hierarchy

The socio-psychological evaluation of Indian people has generally been termed as one that is disposed to hierarchy. Indians are in general, more comfortable in a situation of hierarchy, more precisely where the hierarchy is clear and stated. In some sense that imparts definiteness to social interaction. This hierarchy can be in the form of hierarchy . . . → Read More: Indian Society and Hierarchy

Modern Hinduism

Modern Hinduism
© Anup Mukherjee i3pep.org

[A version of this (somewhat extended) exposition was published in the Encyclopedia of Religion and War (Routledge)]

Hinduism in modern times has undergone tremendous reformist changes and has tended to focus on peace rather than war. Though there has not been any scriptural development in Hinduism in relation to war, one stream of . . . → Read More: Modern Hinduism

The Third World

The term Third World was first used by the French economist and demographer Alfred Sauvy in an article published in 1952. He used this term (Tiers Monde) as a parallel to Third Estate (Tiers Etat). As an observer points out, “Sauvy’s term carries not only the connotation of exclusion from power but also, especially . . . → Read More: The Third World

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