Mughal rule stabilised during the time of Akbar. By that time, Mughals were no longer the strangers, but they had adopted India as their home. The policy of sulh i kul adopted by Akbar became visible in the art forms patronised by the Mughal emperors. This was visible in paintings, music and architecture. Although, Babur and . . . → Read More: Mughal Period : Art and Architecture
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The Mughal emperors were fond of art and culture. They patronised painters, most of whom were Hindus. Due to their patronage, painting under Mughals got a new impetus and also developed into a specialised school of painting with its own distinctiveness. The process started during the time of Akbar but reached greater heights during the time of . . . → Read More: Mughal Painting during Jahangir’s Time Vladimir Lenin (1870 – 1924) © Anup Mukherjee i3pep.org Part 1 Part 2 (This Page) The Petrograd garrison did not wish to be transferred to the war front, and consequently they sided with the Bolsheviks against the provisional government. Thus the Red Guards were able to seize power for the Bolsheviks in a bloodless . . . → Read More: Lenin (2) Vladimir Lenin (1870 – 1924) © Anup Mukherjee i3pep.org Part 1 (This Page) Part 2 [A version of this essay was published in the Encyclopedia of Leadership (Sage, 2004)] Among the world’s great revolutionary leaders, Lenin is recognized for his efforts to put Marxism into actual practice and for creating the Union of Soviet Socialist . . . → Read More: Lenin (1) Sufi movement emerged during the early medieval times in India with the interaction of the Islamic culture with the Hindu culture. There were different trends of the sufi movement – some were religious and social, some were linked to the rulers and more engaged in promotion of Islam. Establishment of Sultanate led to introduction of new . . . → Read More: Sufi Movement Vijayanagar (Vijayanagara) style of architecture came to existence in the 14th century AD and reached its zenith during times of Krishnadeva Raya and Achuta Deva. The architecture reflected the power of their rulers. Under them temples became an elaborate institution containing large number of structures. The architecture can be divided into secular and religious buildings. The secular . . . → Read More: Architecture of Vijayanagar Empire Nation and Nationalism (South Asian Perspective) Part 1 Part 2 (this page) Indian History from sixth century BC (Post Vedic period) to early modern period should be seen as a continuous tussel between the central authority and the local forces. Interestingly, one would find that at local levels, there was generally a remarkable continuity of . . . → Read More: Nation and Nationalism (2) Nation and Nationalism (South Asian Perspective) Part 1 (this page) Part 2 The concept of ‘Nation’ for South Asia is an interesting concept to explore. In the Indian Subcontinent, the concept of Bharatvarsha (land of the Bharata, the legendary ruler) had existed at a theoretical level since long time. In some ways it can be . . . → Read More: Nation and Nationalism (1) Ancient Southeast Asia A version of this essay was published in the Encyclopedia of World Environmental History (Routledge) The present countries of Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Timor, Singapore, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Philippines form South East Asia. In geographical terms, the South East Asia is the region that stretches from the eastern ridges of . . . → Read More: Ancient Southeast Asia Akbar (1542-1605) © Anup Mukherjee [A version of this essay written by the author was published in the Encyclopedia of Leadership (Sage, 2004)] Akbar was the grandson of Babur who founded the Mughal rule in India. However, during the time of Humayun, the territory was lost to the Afghans under the Surs. After the interregnum of Afghan rule, . . . → Read More: Akbar : The Mughal Emperor |
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